18 research outputs found
Evolution of High Throughput Satellite Systems: Vision, Requirements, and Key Technologies
High throughput satellites (HTS), with their digital payload technology, are
expected to play a key role as enablers of the upcoming 6G networks. HTS are
mainly designed to provide higher data rates and capacities. Fueled by
technological advancements including beamforming, advanced modulation
techniques, reconfigurable phased array technologies, and electronically
steerable antennas, HTS have emerged as a fundamental component for future
network generation. This paper offers a comprehensive state-of-the-art of HTS
systems, with a focus on standardization, patents, channel multiple access
techniques, routing, load balancing, and the role of software-defined
networking (SDN). In addition, we provide a vision for next-satellite systems
that we named as extremely-HTS (EHTS) toward autonomous satellites supported by
the main requirements and key technologies expected for these systems. The EHTS
system will be designed such that it maximizes spectrum reuse and data rates,
and flexibly steers the capacity to satisfy user demand. We introduce a novel
architecture for future regenerative payloads while summarizing the challenges
imposed by this architecture
HAPS-assisted hybrid RF-FSO multicast communications: error and outage analysis
In this work, we study the performance of multiple-hop mixed frequency
(RF)/free-space optical (FSO) communication-based decode-and-forward protocol
for multicast networks. So far, serving a large number of users is considered a
promising approach for real-time applications to address the massive data
traffic demands.
In this regard, we propose two practical use-cases. In the former model, we
propose a high altitude platform station (HAPS)-aided mixed RF/FSO/RF
communication scheme where a terrestrial ground station intends to communicate
with a cluster of nodes through two stratospheric HAPS systems. In the latter
model, we assume that the line of sight connectivity is inaccessible between
the two HAPS systems due to high attenuation caused by large propagation
distances. Thereby, we propose a low Earth orbit satellite-aided mixed
RF/FSO/FSO/RF communication. For the proposed scenarios, closed-form
expressions of outage probability (OP) and bit error rate are derived. In
addition, to illustrate the asymptotic behavior of the proposed models,
diversity gains are obtained. Furthermore, ergodic capacity and energy
efficiency (EE) are provided for both scenarios. Finally, the simulation
results are provided to validate the theoretical derivations. The results show
that satellite-aided mixed RF/FSO/FSO/RF scenarios achieve better OP, whereas
HAPS-aided mixed RF/FSO/RF scenario can achieve higher EE
On the Use of HAPS to Increase Secrecy Performance in Satellite Networks
In this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of radio frequency (RF)
eavesdropping for a high altitude platform station (HAPS) aided satellite
communication (SatCom) system. More precisely, we propose a new SatCom scheme
where a HAPS node is used as an intermediate relay to transmit the satellite's
signal to the ground station (GS). In this network, free-space optical (FSO)
communication is adopted between HAPS and satellite, whereas RF communication
is used between HAPS and GS as the line-of-sight (LoS) communication cannot be
established. To quantify the overall secrecy performance of the proposed
scheme, closed-form secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of
positive secrecy capacity (PPSC) expressions are derived. Moreover, we
investigate the effect of pointing error and shadowing severity parameters.
Finally, design guidelines that can be useful in the design of practical SatCom
networks are presented
A Weather-Dependent Hybrid RF/FSO Satellite Communication for Improved Power Efficiency
Recent studies have shown that satellite communication (SatCom) will have a
fundamental role in the next generation non-terrestrial networks (NTN). In
SatCom, radio-frequency (RF) or free-space optical (FSO) communications can be
used depending on the communication environment. Motivated by the complementary
nature of RF and FSO communication, we propose a hybrid RF/FSO transmission
strategy for SatCom, where the satellite selects RF or FSO links depending on
the weather conditions obtained from the context-aware sensor. To quantify the
performance of the proposed network, we derive the outage probability
expressions by considering different weather conditions. Moreover, asymptotic
analysis is conducted to obtain the diversity order. Furthermore, we
investigate the impact of non-zero boresight pointing errors and illustrate the
benefits of the aperture averaging to mitigate the effect of misalignment and
atmospheric turbulence. Finally, we suggest effective design guidelines that
can be useful for system designers. The results have shown that the proposed
strategy performs better than the dual-mode conventional hybrid RF/FSO
communication in terms of outage probability offering some power gain
Optical HAPS Eavesdropping in Vertical Heterogeneous Networks
In the next generation (6G) wireless networks, the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks is essential to provide flawless connectivity over the globe. The vital element of this architecture is the high altitude platform station (HAPS) systems, which can provide reliable and ubiquitous connectivity among satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and terrestrial users. Motivated by the importance of HAPS systems, in this paper, we provide three different use-cases for HAPS eavesdropping scenarios and investigate their physical layer security (PLS) performances. To quantify the PLS performance of the proposed setups, we perform secrecy outage probability (SOP), probability of positive secrecy (PPSC), average secrecy capacity (ASC), and secrecy throughput (ST) analyses. Furthermore, we also provide important design guidelines that can be beneficial for secure HAPS systems
HAPS Selection for Hybrid RF/FSO Satellite Networks
Non-terrestrial networks have been attracting much interest from the industry
and academia. Satellites and high altitude platform station (HAPS) systems are
expected to be the key enablers of next-generation wireless networks. In this
paper, we introduce a novel downlink satellite communication (SatCom) model
where free-space optical (FSO) communication is adopted between a satellite and
a HAPS node. A hybrid FSO/radio-frequency (RF) transmission model is used
between the HAPS node and ground station (GS). In the first phase of
transmission, the satellite selects the HAPS node that provides the highest
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In the second phase, the selected HAPS decodes and
forwards the signal to the GS. To evaluate the performance of the proposed
system, outage probability expressions are derived for exponentiated Weibull
(EW) and shadowed-Rician fading models while considering the atmospheric
turbulence, stratospheric attenuation, and attenuation due to scattering, path
loss, and pointing errors. Additionally, asymptotic analysis is carried out and
diversity gain is provided. Furthermore, the impact of aperture averaging
technique, temperature, and wind speed are investigated. We also provide some
important guidelines that can be helpful for the design of practical HAPS-aided
SatCom. Finally, the results show that the use of HAPS improves the system
performance and that the proposed model performs better than all other existing
models